Materi B nggris semester 1 UB prod statistika

Unit 1

Reading

“The U.S. Census”

Every ten years, in years ending with a zero, the U.S. Census Bureau counts all the

people in the United States. The creation of a census is a process required by the U.S. Constitution. The results of they are used to distribute government money and to allocate seats in Congress. The seats in the House of Representatives are allocated according to population. The population of your state determines how many seats your state has.

The first census of the United States was taken in 1790. At that time, there were an estimated 3,929,214 people in the United States. This estimate is low because the census records for five states were missing. In addition, slaves and Indians were not counted. At that time, the census was intended to show how many men were available for military service. By the time of the tenth census in 1890, the population was estimated to be 50,189,209. In 1920, at the time of the fourteenth census, the population first topped 100 million. The 1920 population was estimated to be 106,021,537. 1950 was the first time a computer was used for the census. The new room–sized computer named ENIAC was used for parts for the count. In fact, the Census Bureau acquired its own computer, named UNIVAC, during that era. By the year 2000, there were 281,421,906 people in the United States.

It is completely safe to give information to the U.S. Census Bureau. The law does

not allow the Census Bureau to give out information about individuals. There is a 72–year

waiting period. The waiting period is enforced so that people will feel free to tell the truth on

the census questionnaires. The last census for which information is available is the 1930

census. Census workers may not give out personal information about people. If they break

this law, they can go to prison for five years and pay $5,000 in fines.

The official census is taken on April 1 of each census year. During March of the

census year, the U.S. government counts people who do not live at a specific address. It

counts students in dormitories, people in nursing homes, prisons and other places where

transient people stay. It sends out questionnaires to most residences. Then census

enumerators – people who count people – go from door to door to count people who do not

respond to the questionnaires. Census workers must count migrant workers, seasonal farm

workers, and people who live outdoors or in vehicles. They must also count people who live

on ships, military bases, or in remote areas.

Exercise

Answer these questions!

1) When was the first U.S. Census?

A. 1780

B. 1790

C. 1870

D. 1890

E. 1896

2) How many enumerators worked on the first census?

A. 100

B. 200

C. 1920

D. 2000

E. 2150

3) When were computers first used in the census?

A. 1950

B. 1970

C. 1990

D. 2000

E. 2001

4) If a census worker gives out personal census information he or she…

A. could be forced go to jail.

B. could be forced to pay a fine.

C. must leave the U.S.

D. must forfeit their position.

E. Both A and B are correct.

5) When will the results of the 2010 census be available?

A. 2011

B. 2028

C. 2082

D. 2110

E. 2092

Vocabulary

1) The best synonym for distribute is…

A. tax.                        

B. give out.

C. count up.

D. charge.

E. reclaim.

2) The best synonym for acquired is…

A. obtained.

B. built.

C. made.

D. rejected.

E. owned.

3) The best synonym for determine is…

A. refuse.

B. decide.

C. pay for.

D. compromise.

E. plan for.

4) Transient people are people who…

A. live at the same address all the time.

B. move from place to place.

C. count other people.

D. have migrated from another land.

E. None of the above.

5) Residences are…

A. toll–free phone numbers.

B. places where people live.

C. places where people eat.

D. people who live on boats.

E. people who count people

A.    Speaking

Practice the dialog before you fill in the blanks with T (true) or F (false).

B.    

C.      

C. Match the sentences in column one with the sentences in column two.

D. Put the conversations in the correct order by numbering the sentences.

        

Unit 2

A.    Reading

“Movie Ratings”

A PG-13 rating is an advisory issued by the Ratings Board to parents to determine whether children under age 13 should view the motion picture, as some material might not be suitable for them. A PG-13 motion picture may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity, sensuality, language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category. The theme of the motion picture by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although depictions of activities related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the motion picture. Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating. More than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in a PG-13 rated motion picture generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be depictions of violence in a PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent violence. A motion picture’s single use of one of the harsher sexually-derived words, though only as an expletive, initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such usage requires an R rating. Nevertheless, the Ratings Board may rate such a motion picture PG-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds majority, the Raters feel that most American parents would believe that a PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or because the use of those words in the motion picture is inconspicuous.

Exercise

Answer this questions!

1) What is the main goal of this passage?

A. To mention various movie ratings.

B. To explain various movie ratings.

C. To explain the difference between PG-13 and R movie ratings.

D. To explain the PG-13 movie rating.

2) The theme of the movie…

A. has little impact on its rating.

B. has a large impact on its rating.

C. should be entertaining.

D. should be suitable for children.

3) Drug usage…

A. should not be allowed in movies.

B. is scary.

C. warrants a PG-13 rating.

D. All of the above.

4) More than brief nudity…

A. requires a PG-13 rating.

B. must not be sexually oriented in PG- 13 rated movies.

C. requires an R rating.

D. Both A and B are correct.

5) A movie with 2 uses of expletives…

A. requires a PG rating.

B. requires a PG-13 rating.

C. requires an R rating.

D. requires an NC-17 rating.

Vocabulary:

1) Sensuality refers to…

A. lewd conduct.

B. unlawful behavior.

C. disrespect.

D. an aberration or abnormality.

2) A depiction is a…

A. scene.

B. movie.

C. representation.

D. plot.

3) The way something is oriented involves the way it is…

A. positioned or directed.

B. maintained or upheld.

C. forecasted or predicted.

D. born or raised.

4) If something is derived, it…

A. is given away.

B. is taken from something else.

C. is taken organically.

D. comes from its own source.

5) If an expletive is used inconspicuously…

A. it is obvious.

B. it is subtle.

C. it is reasonable.

D. it is truthful

A.    Writing

Survey about your friends’ identity!

Personal Data

Name                           : _______________________________________________

Job                               : _______________________________________________

Band                           : _______________________________________________

Favorite Lesson           : _______________________________________________

Characters                   : _______________________________________________

Motto                          : _______________________________________________

Dream Girl/Boy          : _______________________________________________

Favorite Actress          : _______________________________________________

Activities                     : _______________________________________________

Words that describe physical appearance

Height:  short, average height, tall

Build: small, average build

Age: around 25, in his 30s

Hair: short, long, straight, wavy, curly, a ponytail, white, grey, blond, light/dark brown, red black

Face:  square, round, plain, wide

Complexion:  light, white, olive-skinned

Eyes: green, blue, brown, black, beautiful, big

General:  beautiful, pretty, handsome, sexy, cute, good looking

Read these descriptions. What are the missing words? Write is or has.

A.        Vinna is around 20. She is tall, slim and beautiful. She has long straight black hair.

B. Jack .......... average height and average build. He .......... a ponytail. He .......... handsome.

C.        Serena Gomes .......... really cute. She  .......... medium length wavy  hair, and big beautiful eyes.

D.        Mr. Robert .......... a wide face and a dark complexion. He ..........very muscular.

E.  Mrs. Sue .......... around 60. She .......... short curly hair, and wears glasses.

F.  David Beckham ……….. tall and handsome. His hair style …….. always different, but it ………. always short.

B.     Grammar Focus

SIMPLE PRESENT

Form	Examples
(+)  S +  V1 or V1 /es	•  You speak English. •  Nina learns Japanese.
(-)  S + do / does + not + V1	•  You don’t speak English. •  Nina doesn’t  learn Japanese.
(?)  Do / Does + S + V1	•  Do you speak English? •  Does Nina learn Japanese?

USE 1: Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. Here, the use of adverb of frequency is very helpful to highlight the repetition of the actions.

Adverb of frequency

(positive meaning): Always          Usually Often Generally Sometimes Occasionally

(negative meaning) Seldom Rarely Hardly ever Not ever/never

Examples:

 •  He always wakes up early every morning .

 •  They sometimes listen to the radio.

 •  Do you usually eat in school cafeteria?

USE 2: Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future.

Examples:

 •  The sun rises in the east.

 •  A vegetarian doesn’t eat meat.

Note:
We can use to be (is, am, are) as the verb of the sentence. By using to be, we can use the simple present tense to talk about now, but we can also use it to talk about something in general.
Examples:

 •  My parents are not at home now.

 •  Nadine is very beautiful.

Practice Worksheet

I.    Answer the questions in complete sentences.

      What is something that………….

1.      you seldom do?  _____________________________________________________________

2.      you sometimes do after class?  __________________________________________________

3.      you often do before you go to bed?   ______________________________________________

4.      a good student always do?  _____________________________________________________

5.      a polite person never do?    _____________________________________________________

6.      people usually do to celebrate their birthday?________________________________________

II. Error correction.  Rewrite the sentences with the correct VERB form.

1.      Ms. Cohen have a red bicycle.

2.      Dr. Cheska come to school by bus.

3.      Yvonne and Phoebe talks a lot during study hour.

4.      Does Mr. George rides a scooter?

5.      Arizona and Hanan eats dinner in the cafeteria

6.      The students doesn’t studies every night.

7.      I waits for the bus on the corner.

8.      Do you likes pizza?

9.      Where do Mr. George live?

10.  Tom doesn’t buys a new book every week.

C.    SPEAKING

Practice the following dialogues and fill in the blanks with T (true) or F (false).

Unit 3

A.    Reading

READ OR GO TO JAIL PRISON

When the State of Arizona projects how many prison beds it will need, it factors in the number of kids who read well in fourth grade (Arizona Republic (9-15-2004)).  Evidence shows that children who do not read by third grade often fail to catch up and are more likely to drop out of school, take drugs, or go to prison.  So many nonreaders wind up in jail that Arizona officials have found they can use the rate of illiteracy to help calculate future prison needs.

Low literacy is strongly related to crime. 70% of prisoners fall into the lowest two levels of reading proficiency (National Institute for LiteracyhoZ, 1998). Low literacy is strongly related to unemployment.  More than 20% of adults read as or below a fifth grade level – far below the level needed to earn a living wage.

Literacy statistics and juvenile court

·         85 percent of all juveniles who interface with the juvenile court system are functionally illerate.

·         More than 60 percent of all prison inmates are functionally illerate.

·         Penal institution records show that inmates have a 16% chance of returning to prison if they receive literacy help, as opposed to 70% who receive no help. These equate to taxpayer costs of $25,000 per year per inmate and nearly double that amount for juvenile offenders.

·         Illiteracy and crime are closely related. The Department of Justice states, “The link between academic failure and delinquency, violence, and crime is welded to reading failure.” Over 70% of inmates in America’s prisons cannot read above a fourth grade level. (Begintoread.com)

Therefore, the moral of this story is that mentoring and tutoring kids (especially in reading) can directly lead to a decrease in crime over time. This is all so interwoven into poverty, which beckons me to realize even more that poverty is a vicious cycle that is multi-layered. Read or go to jail.

Exercise

Answer these questions!

1.      Based on the text, what happened to students who do not read by third grade?

2.      How many percent the chances do inmates have if they receive literacy help?

3.      What is the relation between illiteracy and crime?

4.      What is the message of this passage?

B.     Speaking

Practice the following dialogues  and fill in the blanks with T (true) or F (false).

aUnit 4

A.    Reading

Teach Reading and Literacy to Dialect Speakers

On June 6, 2007, The Pew Hispanic Center announced the publication of a new report based on the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), also known as the "Nation's Report Card." The report, “How Far Behind in Math and Reading are English Language Learners” is authored by Rick Fry. The report illustrates that nearly half (46%) of 4th grade students in the English language learner (ELL) category scored "below basic" in mathematics in 2005 – the lowest level possible. No Child Left Behind is due for congressional reauthorization in 2007 and in its current form the law requires that all students be proficient in math and reading by 2014 according to standards and testing programs developed individually by each state. Specific categories of students, including ELL students, must meet proficiency standards as a group.

A few key findings of the report include:

·         73% of 4th grade ELL students scored below basic in reading

·         71% of 8th grade ELL students scoring below basic in mathematics

·         71% of 8th grade ELL students scored below basic in reading

·         51% of 8th grade ELL students are behind whites in reading and math

·         47% of 4th grade ELL students are behind whites in math

·         35% of 4th grade ELL students are behind whites in reading

Analysis shows that important changes in the composition of the limited English speaking population take place between the 4th and 8th grades, which help explain the decline in achievement from elementary to middle school.

Exercise

Answer these questions!

1.      What is Nation Report Card?

2.      What does Rick Fry illustrate?

3.      Based on the report the highest presentation belongs to what problem?

4.      What do analysts show?

5.       What is the purpose of the analysts’ analysis?

1. Grammar

NOUN

→  A noun can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be "counted", they have a singular and plural form. For example:

• A book, two books, three books .....
• An apple, two apples, three apples ....

→  Uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns or noncount nouns) cannot be counted, they are not separate objects. This means you cannot make them plural by adding -s, because they only have a singular form. It also means that they do not take a/an or a number in front of them. For example:

• Water
• Work
• coffee
• Sand

Countable (use a/an or a number in front of countable nouns)	Uncountable (there is no a/an or number with uncountable nouns)
• an apple / one apple  • I eat an apple every day.	• rice  • I eat rice every day.
Add (s) to make a countable noun plural	There is no plural form for an uncountable noun
• apples  • I eat an apple every day. Apples are good for you.	• rice  • I eat rice every day. Rice is good for you.
In countable nouns, we simply put final (s) as in the example below.  •  I put one apple in the refrigerator and two apples on the table.	To make uncountable nouns becomes countable, add a counting word, such as a unit of measurement. We use the form "a ....... of ......."
	• rice = a grain of rice • water = a glass of water • music = a piece of music, etc
You can use some and any with countable nouns. • Some dogs can be dangerous. • I don't use any computers at work.	You can use some and any with uncountable nouns. • I usually drink some tea with my meal. • I don't usually eat any rice in the morning.
You only use many and few with plural countable nouns. • Many students are studying in UB. • There are few elephants in England.	You only use much and little with uncountable nouns. • I don't usually drink much coffee. • There is little money in my wallet.
You can use a lot of and no with plural countable nouns. • No customers came here last week. • My office bought a lot of computers.	You can use a lot of and no with uncountable nouns. • I put no sugar in your tea. • People in France drink a lot of wine.

·         Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U)

1.      I found some mice in my house.

2.      The soup on the table seems delicious.

3.      Our environment is threatened by pollution.

4.      My mother uses butter to prepare cakes.

5.      There are a lot of windows in our classroom.

6.      We need some glue to fix this vase.

7.      The waiters in this restaurant are very professional.

8.      My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.

9.      The bread my mother prepares is delicious.

10.  Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.

11.  Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents.

12.  I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic.

13.  I'd like some juice please!

14.  Internet supplies a lot of useful information.

15.  It is important that people take care of their health.

·         Fill in the blank with the correct to be (is/are). Mind the noun (singular or plural).

1.   Here _________ the news you looked for.

2.   My jeans __________ still in the laundry.

3.   Further information __________ available in the office.

4.   The stairs __________over there, Sir.

5.   The furniture in our classroom _________ uncomfortable.

6.   The USA __________a very nice country.

7.   Your sunglasses __________ on the table.

8.   Homework  __________ boring.

9.   The scissors on the table __________ mine.

10.  Physics __________ not easy.

·         Fill in the following words with choices below.

advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, milk, tennis, rice, tea, bread

1.   a piece of _____________

2.   a packet of _____________

3.   a bar of ____________

4.   a glass of ____________

5.   a cup of ____________

6.   a bottle of ____________

7.   a slice of ___________

8.   a game of ___________

9.   a loaf of ___________

10.  a jar of ____________

Expressing likes and dislikes

To talk about your likes and dislikes, you can use these expressions.

Expressing likes: ·         I like… ·         I love... ·         I adore… ·         I ‘m crazy about… ·         I’m mad about… ·         I enjoy… ·         I’m keen on… ·         I’m fond of

Expressing dislikes: ·         I don’t like… ·         I dislike... ·         I hate… ·         I abhor… ·         I can’t bear... ·         I can’t stand… ·         I detest... ·         I loathe...

Examples of likes and dislikes :

“I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear ice hockey.”
“I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework.”

If you neither like nor dislike something:

"I don't mind doing the housework."

Dialogue:

Look at the dialogue between Steve and Anna below. Notice how they express their likes and dislikes.

Steve:	Hello, darling. Do you fancy watching a film tonight?
Anna:	Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like watching a film tonight. How about going out instead?
Steve:	OK. Do you feel like having dinner at the Mexican restaurant?
Anna:	No, I hate it. The food there is too spicy. How about the new Chinese restaurant? Do you like it?
Steve:	I don't mind. The Chinese cuisine is alright.
Anna:	Well, I really love it. Let's go.

Exercise

Now that you have learned how to express likes and dislikes, make a dialogue using the expressions. The topic must be connected to the topic we discussed in this unit. Practice it in front of the class.

2. Writing

We’re having a party at Balekambang Beach next week on Saturday. We will meet at  GBS building at 6.00 Saturday morning, and will leave at 6.30. Please be on time. It will probably be hot at the beach, so be sure to wear comfortable clothing. Don’t forget to bring your swimsuit and sunglasses. We are going to have a barbecue on the beach. The committee will take care of all the food. But they will need volunteers to help with the cooking. Contact one of the committee members. Okay, we’ll see you next week!

Study the following example of informal invitation.

What tense is used in the invitation?

What information should be included in an invitation?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Now, make your own invitation.

Study the following formal invitation

Faculty of Culture Studies

Brawijaya University

Jl. Veteran Malang 65145
Telp. (0341) 575875 (direct), Fax. (0341) 575822 (direct)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No          :  797/UN.10.12/LL/2011                                                                           

Subject   :  Invitation

To           :  ___________________

Dear Sir/Madame,

You are cordially invited to attend a Teaching Workshop focusing on Cooperative Learning by Johanna Rosten, M.A., scheduled on:

Day                  : Wednesday, August 25, 2010

Time                 : 08.00 – 14.00

Venue              : GBS 2.3, Faculty of Culture Studies

Your attendance and active participation are highly appreciated.

Malang, August 26, 2011

Head of English Program

Compare the two kinds of invitation. What do you think the difference between informal and formal invitations? Write a formal invitation.

Unit 5

A. Reading

Mortality Rate

During ancient times and the middle ages, the crude death rate was about 40 deaths per year per 1,000 people. The ten countries with the highest crude death rate, according to the 2009 CIA World Fact book estimates, are:

Rank	Country	Death rate (annual deaths/1000 persons)
1	Swaziland	30.83
2	Angola	24.08
3	Lesotho	22.20
4	Sierra Leone	21.91
5	Zambia	21.34
6	Liberia	20.73
7	Mozambique	20.07
8	Afghanistan	19.18
9	Djibouti	19.10
10	Central African Republic	17.84

According to the World Health Organization, the 10 leading causes of death in 2002 were:

1.   12.6% Ischaemic heart disease

2.   9.7% Cerebrovascular disease

3.   6.8% Lower respiratory infections

4.   4.9% HIV/AIDS

5.   4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

6.   3.2% Diarrheal diseases

7.   2.7% Tuberculosis

8.   2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers

9.   2.2% Malaria

10.           2.1% Road traffic accidents

According to Jean Ziegler (the United Nations Special Reporter on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 million people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients". Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes.^[5] In industrialized nations, the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.

Exercise
Answer these questions!

1.   What country that has highest rate of mortality?

2.   What the disease that become the main causes of death? In addition, how many people died because of that disease?

3.   During ancient and middle age, how many percent of people died per year?

4.   In 2006, how many people died because of hunger?

5.   What is the synonym of hunger?

B.  Grammar

• Making questions

There are 3 basic types of question:

1. Yes/No Questions (the answer to the question is "Yes" or "No")
2. Question Word Questions (the answer to the question is "Information")
3. Choice Questions (the answer to the question is "in the question")

1. Yes/No Questions

auxiliary verb	subject	main verb		Answer Yes or No
Do	You	want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	You	drive?		No, I can't.
Has	She	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	They	Go	home?	No, they didn't.
Exception! verb be simple present and simple past
	Is	Anne	French?	Yes, she is.
	Was	Ram	at home?	No, he wasn't.

2. Question Word Questions

question word	auxiliary verb	subject	main verb		Answer Information
Where	Do	you	live?		In Paris.
When	Will	we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Who	Did	she	meet?		She met Ram.
Why	hasn't	Tara	done	it?	Because she can't.
Exception! verb be simple present and simple past
Where		is	Bombay?		In India.
How		was	she?		Very well.

3. Choice Questions

auxiliary verb	subject	main verb		OR		Answer In the question
Do	You	Want	Tea	or	coffee?	Coffee, please.
Will	We	Meet	John	or	James?	John.
Did	She	Go	to London	or	New York?	She went to London.
Exception! verb be simple present and simple past
	Is	your car	White	or	black?	It's black.
	Were	They	$15	or	$50?	$15.

Exercise

Make questions from 1 to 6. For no 7-10, you have to supply with the correct Question Word questions.

1. I saw 'The sixth Sense' last year
2. I go to London 'three times a year'
3. The river is '25 kms long'
4. She put '10 eggs' in this omelette
5. This car is 'Paul's'
6. I take a taxi 'to get there on time' .

7. needs help ? John
8. do you go dancing ? once a month.
9. is the station ? 5 miles.
10. one will you buy ? the blue one, not the red one.

C. Speaking

Story Telling

A Storyteller's Vocabulary List

Plot: The sequence of events from which a story, play, puppet show, etc. can be made

Retell: To restate in one's own words

Version: One of many possible presentations of the same plot

Character: People, animals, or other communicating entities in the tale

Narrator: The presenter of the tale

First Steps to Retelling a Plot

Beginning:

• Picture the plot as a movie in your imagination

Start off retelling it by "chatting" it in your own words to make sure you remember what happens in the plot. Create your own version by retelling it over and over to different listeners until it starts to feel like a story

Middle:

• Have a strong beginning and end by creating an enticing first and last sentence. Improvise the middle
• Try to help your listeners see what is in your mind. Pretend to be all the characters by letting some of the characters speak dialogue.
• When you are the narrator, make sincere eye contact with the audience

Finally

• Stand up and tell the plot as a story.

Tell the tale to a partner or a few people. Ask a friend to listen to you and then give you some practical comments. As you gain confidence, try telling the story in front of a larger group.

Now, read the fable below. Have a partner to learn to do story telling

The Lion & The Rabbit

The animals of the forest made a bargain with a ferocious lion who killed for pleasure. It was agreed that one animal each day would willingly come to the ferocious lion's den to be his supper and, in turn, the lion would never hunt again. The first to go to the lion's den was a timid rabbit, who went slowly.

"Why are you late?" the lion roared when the rabbit arrived.

"I'm late because of the other lion," said the rabbit.

"In my jungle? Take me to this other lion."

The rabbit led the lion to a deep well and told him to look in. The lion saw his own reflection in the water and roared! The sound of his roar bounced right back at him as an echo.

"I alone am king of this jungle," he roared again.

His echo answered him, "I alone am king of this jungle."

With that, the lion became so enraged, he charged into the deep well with a great splash! The lion attacked his own reflection and was never heard from again.

Unit 6

A.       Reading

157 year-old woman discovered alive by Indonesian Census takers

Around the globe, census taking is an important tool to help determine the need to improve infrastructure and services to countries with growing populations. In one census conducted in Indonesia, however, census takers may have quite possibly discovered, the oldest woman in the world.
Still alive and kicking for over 157 years, a South Sumatran villager known only as Turinah claims to have been born in 1853 – the same year the Crimean War started as well as the year when Russell Hawes patented the envelope-folding machine. What is even more incredible about Turinah, is that the woman is still active around the home after all this time, can see and hear just fine, and has smoked clove cigarettes for years.
Unfortunately, Turinah destroyed all her identification several decades ago to keep her from being connected to a communist coup in Indonesia back in 1965, so her claim cannot be immediately verified. If her age does indeed turn out to be true, though, she will have smashed the record of the oldest person to ever live, which was a French woman by the name of Jeanne Calment who passed away in 1997 at the age of 122.
Exercise
Answer these questions!

1.   What is the used of census?

2.   How old is Turinah when the census conducted in Indonesia lately?

3.   What are incredible things of Turinah besides her age?

4.   Who is the oldest woman to ever live?

5.   What does the synonym of passed away?

B.  Grammar

·         Article a and an

Use a + singular noun before a consonant sound.

Example: He is a carpenter

Use an + singular noun before a vowel sound.

Example: She is an astronaut.

·         Time Expression

Use at +time of day ; night

Use in + parts of day (except night)

Use on+ days of the week

Example:

I get up                        at 7:00             in the morning             on weekdays

I go to bed                  around ten      in the evening             on weeknights

I leave work                early                in the afternoon          on Fridays

I get home                   late                  at night                        on Saturdays

Exercise

·         Write a or an in correct places.

1.      He is carpenter. He works for construction company. He build schools and hospitals.

2.      She works for travel company and arranges tours. She travel agent.

3.      He has difficult job. He’s cashier. He works in supermarket.

4.      She’s architect. She works for big company. She builds house. It’s interesting job.

5.      She works with computers in office. She is website designer. She’s also part-time student. She takes English class in the evening.

·         Complete these sentences with time expressions!

1.      I get up … six … the morning… weekdays.

2.      We have lunch … three … the afternoon… Tuesday.

3.      She sleeps … noon… Sundays.

4.      I have little snack … nine… the evening.

5.      I start work … 11.30 … night.

C.    Writing and Speaking

Look at the photos! Choose one picture that you can talk about in conversation with friends. Why do you think it is a good photo? Is it a great photo?